Brick-kiln



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y BRICK KILN. No. 510,967.. Patented Deo. 19, 1893.

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J. GAPPNEY. BRIGKVKILN. No. 510,967. Patented Deo. 19, 1893.

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J. GAPFNEY.

BRICK KILN. Y 9 No. 510,967. Patented Dec. 19, 1893.

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` UNITED STATESPATENT Qrricn.

' taken on the line 4 4: of Fig. 2. Fig. 5*, is a ly and in a short time, I provide a continusmoking and burning the brick, clay ware and `body of the kiln, and through the main or BRICK- KILN.

SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 510,967, dated December 19, 1893.

Applies@ nei April 14, 1893.

To @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be itknown that I, JOHN GAFFNEY, of Atchison, Atchison county, Kansas, have invented certain newand useful lmprovementsin Brick- Kilns, of which the following is a'full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of brick, clay-ware, cement, lime, dsc., and has for its object the more perfeet utilization of the heat, in drying, watersuch like articles.

Wit-h this object in View the invention consists in certain peculiar and novel features of construction and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter described and pointed ont in the claims.

In order that my invention may beA fully understood, I will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l, is a horizontal sectional view of a brick-kiln, constructed in accordance with my invention and taken on the ground line of the stackwue. Fig. 2, is a side elevation of my improved brick-kiln. Fig. 3, is a horizontal sectional view, taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. Fig.' 4, is a vertical transverse section,

vertical transverse sectional view, taken on the line 5--5 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6, is a vertical sectional view, taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. l, and showing the compartment iiues enlarged. Fig. 7, is a detail perspective View of one of the removable partitions. Fig. 8, is ak detail perspective view of one of the air-inlet tubes. Fig. 9, is a detail perspective view ot' one of the tine-dampers.4 Fig. l0, is a perspective view of the upper portion of the kiln broken away. Fie. 1l, is a detail perspective view of the apertured plates, ,throughwhich coal is fed into the furnace, and Fig. 12, is a detail sectional View of one of the removable plugs, adapted to close the apertures of said plate.

In order that Wet brick, clayware, ne., may be dried, water-smoked and burned efficient ous kiln, and the process consists in first bricks are then hacked or built up in the usual Fcheckenwork manner, and the kiln is divided into compartments by removable partitions each compartment containing a quantity of brick; each of these compartments is also provided with inlet-openings for air and draft fines controlled by dampers; said draft flues communicating with a maindraft tunnel having a stack provided with suction fans. Vhen prepared for burning, the danipers of the fines of all except the first compartment are closed; the fire is started in the first compartment, and the Suction draft supports perfect combustion therein. Coal is fed to heat the brickv to a high degree of temperature and the airinlety openings and the furnace opening and the lues of said compartment are closed. The partition interposed between the first and second compartments is now removed, and the dampers operated to open the fines of the second compartment; thus utilizing the heat of the brick in the rst compartment to prepare the brick in the second compartment for the final burning. After the brick in the second compartment become heated sufficiently, coal is introduced to heat the brick to a high degree of temperature, and the partition is again interposed between the first and second compartments, so that the burned brick in the first compartment will rapidly cool that they may be removed from the kiln. After the brick in the second compartment are heated to the required degree, the air-inlet openings and the tlues are closed. The partition interposed between the second and tnird compartments is now removed, and the process described with relation to the second compartment gone through. This operation is repeated until the brick in all the compartments are burned. It will thus be seen that a continuous use of heat is obtained, that is, the heat from one compartment of brick is utilized to heat the next succeeding compartment, until all the brick have been burned.

In the drawings, l designates a continuous brick-kiln of oblong rectangular form; said kiln being divided into two compartments and y, by a longitudinal and vertical partition wall 2. These compartments are adapted to be converted into a number of sub-compartments as will be hereinafter described, where the b rick are burned. At the rearend of the kiln, the partition is formed with a passage 3; said passage connecting the two compartments. At the front end of one of these compartments, an opening 4, is formed through the side wall of the kiln; the object of this opening will be hereinafter explained. Formed at suitable intervals apart throughout the entire length of the kiln and in the inner side walls of each compartment, are the vertical and oppositely disposed grooves 5; these grooves 5 communicating at their upper ends with the transverse slots 6, formed through the roof of the kiln. A number of partitions 7 of suitable material divide the compartments into a number of sub-compartments CL, and are of suitable width, and have their side margins engaging the oppositely disposed grooves, and have their lower ends resting upon the bottom ofthe kiln and their upper ends engaging the transverse slots 6 of the roof. These partitions 7, are also formed with an opening 3 in their upper ends, by which the said partitions may be engaged when about to be removed from the kiln. A flue is formed in the bottom of each sub-compartment a. of the compartment y, of the kiln, and extends transversely thereof, and anumber of vertical partitions 9, divide each of said ilues,into anumber of said sub-dues 10; all of said sub-fines10,communicatingat theirouter ends with a common flue 11, there being one iue 11 for each sub-compartment d. A similar due 13 Fig. 6 extends transversely of each sub-compartment d, of compartment y, but is arched over at 14, so as not to communicate therewith, and each of said liues communicates at its inner end with a flue extending transversely of and formed in the sub-compartment a, of the compartment as. These flues are also formed with vertical walls 15, dividing them into sub-fines 16 which communicate with the fines 13. The outer ends of the flues 11 and 13, communicate with a main flue 12, which extends the full length of the kiln. A damper is provided to control the passage of air, as hereinafter referred to, through each lue 11 and 13, and consists of a pivot-rod 18, extending vertically through said tine, and a dam per-plate 17, mounted upon said rod; by operating this rod in the proper direction, the damper opens or closes the Iiue to the passage of air threthrough. One end of the main-flue or air-ductis closed, and the opposite end communicates with a stack 19; said stack, being formed wit-h the oppositel;7 disposed openings 2O Fig. 3. A bracket 21, is secured to the stack and adjacent to each opening, and extending transversely of the stack, and centrally of the openings 2O is a shaft 22 the opposite ends of said shaft resting in bearings formed in said brackets 21. A suction fan 23 is mounted upon the shaft near each end, and a belt-pulley 22 secured upon theonter end thereof,is adapted to be connected by a belt to a suitable motive power. (Not shown.) A number of openings, are formed in the side wall of the kiln, opposite each compartment a, and tubular tiles or pipes 24, are fitted therein, to form inlet air passages foreach sub-compartment.

It will be understood from the foregoing description, that the dampers controlling the tlues 11 and 13 being opened, the operation of the suction fans will cause a down-draft, that is, the air entering through the tubular tiles 24, will pass down into the sub-fines 10 and 16, thence into the iues 11 and 13 respectively, and into the main-tine 12, thence to the stack, whence it will be discharged by the revolving fans. In order to produce also, an up-draft through the kiln, when de sired, I provide the inclined flues 26 and 26, communicating at their upper ends through dues 27 with the interior of the sub-compartments a; the flues 26a communicating with the upper portion of the sub-compartments, with which the sub-dues 16, communicate,

and the due 24, communicating with the upper portion ot' the sub-compartments with which the subtlues 10 communicate; the lower ends of iiues 26 and 26a, communicate respectively, with the iiues 11 and 13, adja` cent to their point of juncture with the main-flue or air-duct 12. Dampers or valves 2S, provided with handle 29, controlV thev passage of airl through the tlues 26 and 26a, and a door 27, Fig. 3, is hinged at 27h, to the main tlue 12 adjacent to the fanstack 19, and is adapted to close the opening 27c Fig. 'l formed through said fine. When it is desired to cause only a moderate suction of air through the kiln, the door 27, is opened, and allows air to pass through the opening 27c to the fan-stack, from which it is discharged. A vertical and transverse slot 31, communicates through the roof of the kiln, with each subcompartnient a., and fitted over each of said IOO tto'

slots, is a plate 32; each plate being formed with a number of vertical apertures 33. Removable caps or plugs 34, are formed' with a handle 36, and a depending annular liange 35, of diameter to tit within and close said apertures 33.

In operation, the wet-brick are rst spread out in the kiln, the dampers opened, and the suction-fans caused to revolve; this causes a suction blast to envelop and dry said brick, whicharc then stacked or hacked up in the usual checker-work manner, in the sub-compartments a. The vertical partitions 9 and 15 form a rest so that the bricks may be stacked thereon, as shown in Fig. 6. The draft flues of all but the first compartment are now closed, and a fire is built across the entire rst subcompartment a, the fuel being introduced through the opening 4. If desired, the fire may only be built a portion of the way across the kiln, that being of course according to the manner it is desired to burn the brick. The dried brick, when stacked in the first compartment, are arranged ofcourse to form a transverse passage into which the fuel, introduced through the opening 4, is placed. After the brick are sufficiently heated, the damper of line ll. is closed, and the airinlet openings 24 are closed, and also the fire opening 4. The caps or plugs 34 are now removed, and fine coal is dropped through upon the brick may be regulated, so as not,

by exposing them to a sudden heat, to inflate or crack them, and also by regulating the supply of air, perfect combustion is assured,

p and accumulation of surplus gases prevented;

these gases being the principal actor, in causingnon-combustion or waste of fuel. The pariition 7, interposed between the first and seeond sub-compartments, is now removed, and the dempers of the second sub-compartment are opened. The suction draft carries the Vas described.

heat through the unburned but dried brick of the second sub-compartment, Water-smokes the same, and prepares them forthe tnal burning, by means of introducing ne coal therein This operation is continued throughout the length of the kiln, and then passing through the opening 3 the bricks in the second compartment are subjected tothe same process until all the bricks of the kiln have been burned. It desired, an opening similar to 3, may be made in thefront end of the wall 2, and the irst compartment being again supplied with brick the burning may continue as before.

It will be observed that by having the pull or suction from the fan direct upon the tire, it formsva partial vacuum where the tire is; and by admitting the air at a point beyond the tire but where the brick are already at a high degree of temperature, any accumulation of gases will be consumed. It will also be observed. "that by havinga number of air-inlets,

the air current can be increased so gradually, that practically no chemical water forms, as is the result when intense heat impinges suddenly upon the brick.

From this description, it will be seen, that there is no waste of fuel or heat, and that I obtain a continuous use of heat, that is, the heat from one sub-compartment is utilized to heat the next, and so successively,`until all of the brick have been burned.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim' as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Abrick-kiln,partitions dividing said kiln into a number of said sub-compartments, a stack having fans, a flue leading to said stack, a valve controlled ue leading from the upper portion of each sub-compartment to said stack-flue, and a, valve controlled flue leading from the stack-flue to the lower portion of each subcompartment, and a number of open sub-dues or channels in each sub-compartment communicating with the iiuesleading to- 3. In a brick-kiln, removable partitions difj viding said kiln into sub-compartments, a transverse slot or opening formed through the roof of each compartment, a plate having openings, and engaging cach slot or opening of the kiln, and removable plugs for closing said openings, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in. .the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN GAFFNEY.

Witnesses:

G. Y. THORPE, M. P. SMITH. 

